239 lecture transcripts · backtest on Nasdaq-100 (US100) 1-minute bars · Dec 2021 to Sep 2026

The Inner Circle Trader’s concepts, and his 2022 model tested on Nasdaq

Michael Huddleston (ICT) teaches a vocabulary for how price moves: liquidity, stop hunts, fair value gaps, kill zones. In his free 2022 Mentorship he turns it into one specific intraday model for Nasdaq futures. I read 239 of his lectures and coded that model the way episodes 2 to 6 describe it. On trading days of Nasdaq-100 data it came out near zero: over setups on the CFD spread, and per setup at futures costs, with a 95% range from to . Parts of his recipe help a little. None of it is a reliable edge.

Verdict: no reliable edge in the model as taught
Lecture rules, CFD spread setups, each
At futures costsper setup; 95% range to
His direction vs coin flips of 20random-direction runs beaten
Perfect bias (look-ahead)per setup: the most his bias could add
$5,000 at his 1% riskworst drawdown

R = profit or loss divided by the stop distance, so 1R is what one stop-out costs. A setup whose limit order never fills counts as 0R. Futures costs = 0.5 point per round trip (one tick of spread plus commission on NQ), the same assumption as the Fabio Valentini test in this repo.

The knowledge

What ICT teaches

One idea runs through all of it. Price, he says, is delivered by an algorithm (the “interbank price delivery algorithm”, IPDA) that travels between two kinds of places: liquidity, the stop orders resting above old highs and below old lows, and imbalances, price ranges that were crossed in one direction only. Before a real move it first runs the stops on the other side, then moves away fast in the true direction. Every model he teaches is a version of this chain:

1 · biasDraw on liquidityWhich old high or low is price pulled to? Weekly and daily chart.
2 · timeKill zoneOnly in his session windows, New York time.
3 · huntStop runPrice first takes the stops on the opposite side.
4 · shiftDisplacementAn energetic break of the last short-term swing.
5 · entryBack into the gapLimit order in the fair value gap that move left.
6 · exitOther side’s stopsTarget the opposite liquidity; take partials.
ConceptWhat it means, in his termsTaught in
Buy-side / sell-side liquidityBuy stops above old highs, sell stops below old lows. Relative equal highs and lows are “retail resistance and support” that he expects to be run.2022 Ep 2
Fair value gap (FVG)Three candles where candle 1’s high and candle 3’s low don’t overlap (bullish; mirror for bearish). Price was delivered one way only and tends to come back into it.2022 Ep 6 @21:41
DisplacementAn obvious, energetic move, like that elephant falling into a children’s swimming pool, which leaves gaps behind.2022 Ep 5 @18:11
Market structure shiftAfter a stop hunt, price breaks the last short-term swing the other way, with displacement. A “shift” is intraday; a “break” means a multi-day change.2022 Ep 3 @02:28
Order blockThe last opposite candles before the displacement, one, two, three candles making one consecutive bearish order block. In his words, a change in the state of delivery.2022 Ep 18 @38:19
Breaker, mitigation, rejection block, liquidity voidFailed order blocks after a stop run (breaker, mitigation); long wicks where price fails at the candle bodies (rejection); a fast one-sided range (void).Month 05, HTF PD arrays
PD array matrixAll of the above sorted into premium arrays (sell) and discount arrays (buy), with a fixed order of which one price reaches first.Month 05 @19:36
Premium, discount, equilibriumThe 50% level of the current range between an old high and an old low: sell above it, buy below it.Month 05 @17:23
Optimal trade entry (OTE)Enter the retracement of an impulse leg at 62–79% (70.5% is the sweet spot), stop beyond the leg’s extreme, targets at the 127% and 162% extensions.OTE Primer @14:25
Judas swingThe false move early in the day, from the opening price against the day’s real direction, that traps traders before the real move.Understanding the Judas Swing
Power of three (AMD)Accumulation, manipulation, distribution. On a bearish day: the open, a rally that makes the high, then the sell-off.2022 Ep 17 @07:32
IPDA data ranges, quarterly shiftsThe algorithm will look back 60 days: the highest high and lowest low of the last 20, 40 and 60 days are the liquidity it reaches for; the bias shifts every three to four months.Month 05 @27:40
Weekly profilesThe bulk of the weekly range forms Tuesday to Thursday; typical bullish and bearish weeks are templates to match.Month 12 @13:55
SMT, intermarket, COT, seasonalsThe higher-timeframe bias tools: correlated markets failing to confirm a high or low, the dollar index and bonds, commercial hedgers in the COT report, seasonal tendencies.Months 05, 10, 11, 12
Money managementRisk 1% per trade (one percent makes millionaires), 2% at most. Frame trades at 3:1 to 5:1 and take half off at the first objective; then a 30–50% win rate is enough.Month 02, Month 05

Useful

  • A precise vocabulary for something real: stops do cluster beyond obvious highs and lows, and intraday moves often start by running them.
  • Time of day matters, and his windows sit where the volatility is (chart below).
  • His risk rules are conventional and sound: small fixed risk, stops always, targets defined before entry.

Not testable, or missing

  • “The algorithm controls every tick” is a story; nothing in price data can confirm it.
  • The bias step (seasonals, COT, the Fed, “where is the draw”) is discretionary, and most pattern names are hindsight labels for the same few shapes.
  • He shows no track record: people dismiss him because I haven’t showed a track record and it’s always been about you not about me (OTE Primer). Through 2022 he keeps telling viewers not to trade live funds.

Time of day

His clock, against Nasdaq’s volatility

median 1-minute range of US100, by 5-minute slothis windows, New York time (dashed: times he says to skip)

The biggest 1-minute ranges come right after the 09:30 cash open and at 10:00 (data releases); 08:30 news is about 2.4 times a typical minute. His New York kill zone and the 2022 model window cover that stretch. The break at 17:00–18:00 is the futures’ daily close.

The model under test

The 2022 Mentorship model, step by step

The 2022 Mentorship (41 free episodes) is where he is most mechanical. He teaches it on Nasdaq and S&P futures, says there’s absolutely nothing else that you need to know about it and that every single trading day this pattern forms. Here is each rule as he states it, and how I coded it. A sell is shown; a buy is the mirror image.

StepIn his wordsAs code
1 · time“Your morning trade is between 8:30 in the morning … I generally don’t like to take trades after 11 o’clock” (Ep 5)Hunt, shift and fill must all happen 08:30–11:00 New York; an open trade is closed at 12:00 (“riding something into the New York lunch”).
2 · liquidity“Prior to 8:30 … on a 15-minute time frame, what’s the most significant or obvious swing high and swing low … I’m looking for the first one” (Ep 5)The most recent 3-candle swing high on the 15-minute chart, confirmed by 08:30, that price hasn’t traded above since (stops still there). Same for the low. Looks back at most 2 days.
3 · hunt“If you’re bearish you’re looking for buy stops to be ran” (Ep 2)A 1-minute bar trades above that swing high.
4 · shift“If we can trade down below that swing low … look in the highest high that forms and that low” (Ep 6)After the hunt, a 1-minute candle closes below the last 3-candle swing low that formed before the hunt’s highest high. He scans 5 down to 1 minute; 1 minute is the base, 2, 3 and 5 are variants.
5 · gap“If there is no fair value gap in here guess what you don’t have a trade” (Ep 6)The latest bearish gap (candle 1’s low above candle 3’s high) whose middle candle lies between the highest high and the break, not yet traded back into. No gap: wait for a new high and a new shift.
6 · entry“If it trades back [to] this candle’s high plus … one tick” (Ep 6)Sell limit at candle 3’s high plus one tick (0.25 point). Must fill before 11:00.
7 · stop“Above the high of candle number two or you can use above candle number one … whichever one you can afford” (Ep 6)One tick above the higher of candles 1 and 2. Variant: above the hunt’s high.
8 · target“Reach for the liquidity resting below that low that you would be identifying prior to 8:30” (Ep 5)The opposite pre-08:30 swing (sell stops below the 15-minute swing low). No trade if it isn’t beyond the entry. Variants: 1R, 2R, 3R, half off at 2R.
9 · one a day“If you get a setup in that that’s it you’re done” (Ep 2)The first side to give an order that morning; nothing else that day.
biasWeekly and daily read: seasonals, the Fed, earnings, “what is the market likely to draw to” (Ep 2)Not codable as he does it. The base takes whichever side sets up first; variants test mechanical proxies and a look-ahead “perfect bias”.

One trade from the test

What a setup looks like:

pre-08:30 liquidity (15-minute swings)fair value gapentrystoptarget
  1. 1The hunt. The 08:30 data release runs the buy stops above the 15-minute swing high at , up to .
  2. 2The shift. At a candle closes below the 08:29 low and leaves a gap of 1.5 points.
  3. 3The order. Sell limit at in the gap, stop ; filled at .
  4. 4The target. The sell stops at , hit at for .

US100 1-minute candles, New York time. This one is typical of the 1-minute chart: a tiny gap, a stop near the median of 17 points, and a target several R away (the median is 4.2R).

Nasdaq-100, base rules

Results: about break-even, and no better than luck allows

The pattern is common, as he says: an order on of mornings ( of ). Only of filled trades win, because the target is usually far away (median the stop). The total is , per setup, with a 95% range from to . The first period (to Sep 2024) lost per setup and the later one made ; with these swings neither is distinguishable from zero.

To see whether his choice of direction matters, I replayed the same moments with the same stop and target sizes 20 times, picking the side with a coin flip. The grey band is the range of those 20 runs.

ICT 2022 model, cumulative Rcoin flips, mediancoin flips, lowest to highest of 20

Setups in time order. The US100 export has no data for Mar–Dec 2022 and Mar–Dec 2023, so those years are short. Hover or tap for values.

R per setup, by year

Numbers above the bars are setups per year. 2021 is December only; its bar is cut at the top of the scale.

$5,000 at 1% risk per setup

His suggested risk, compounding, CFD costs. Worst run: losses in a row.

Controls

Does his recipe help?

Each row changes one thing and shows R per setup with its 95% range. Two of his ingredients do something. Requiring the stop hunt first is worth about per setup over taking any shift with a gap. His choice of side beats of 20 coin-flip runs. Neither is big enough to carry the costs on its own.

The bias is what he says matters most, and he never defines it mechanically. The proxies I could code add little. Following the previous weekly candle looks best (), but it mostly picks longs in a market that nearly doubled, its range still includes zero, and it is the best of 17 tradable versions tried, which is how luck usually looks. Even a perfect bias, knowing each morning’s direction in advance, gets only per setup out of these entries.

Dots: R per setup; whiskers: 95% bootstrap range (for the coin flips: lowest to highest of 20 runs). Base rules and CFD costs unless the row says otherwise.

Where the money goes

Costs and stop size

On the 1-minute chart the stops are small: median against a typical spread of . Before costs the base makes per setup (95% range to ); the CFD spread takes that to , and futures costs leave . The smallest stops do worst, as cost eats a bigger share of them. Moving to a 5-minute chart gives bigger stops and lower costs per R, but no more edge ( per setup).

Every version run

All versions

One change at a time from the base. “First period” is Dec 2021 to Sep 2024, “later” is Oct 2024 to Sep 2026. Nothing was tuned on either.

Side test

Forex and gold

He says the 2022 model is for index futures, and that his forex ideas (Asian range and the like) don’t apply to indices. I still ran the same rules on nine forex pairs and gold, in the New York and London windows, on the 1-minute chart and on the 5-minute chart, since his forex lessons use bigger charts and stops.

Per pair

Verdict

Viable? Not as a system you can follow

The model as taught has no reliable edge on his own market. At futures costs it is about break-even, per setup, and the 95% range runs from a clear loss () to a clear win (). On a retail CFD it loses slightly. Years with 50 or more setups range from to per setup.

He is right about some mechanics. Stop hunts before reversals are real enough that requiring one improves the result, and his time windows matter: the same rules lose per setup in the London window and in the afternoon.

The part that would have to carry the edge is the part he doesn’t define. Everything that is mechanical here nets out near zero; whatever extra a skilled ICT trader gets has to come from the discretionary read of bias and “obvious” levels, and even a perfect daily bias adds only about a quarter of an R per setup to these entries. Without a track record, there is no evidence that the read exists.

What to take from him: the vocabulary (liquidity above and below obvious levels, gaps, displacement), the time windows, and the risk rules. Treat the models as a way to describe charts, not as a tested system.

Limits

What this test can’t tell you

  • Data: Orbi’s US100 CFD on 1-minute bid/ask bars with the real per-bar spread, not NQ futures ticks. The export has no Mar–Dec 2022 and Mar–Dec 2023. Within a minute the order of high and low is unknown; scoring it the optimistic way moves the result by less than 0.01R.
  • Discretion: his “obvious” swings and “energetic” displacement became a 3-candle swing and the gap itself. A trader skipping ugly days could do better or worse.
  • Scope: one trade a morning, no order blocks, no SMT, no trailing stops. Only the 2022 model was tested; OTE, the Judas swing, the Silver Bullet and the 2023–2026 models are not.
  • Transcripts: 239 of 721 videos so far (the 2016–17 core content, Charter models, the 2022 Mentorship and the forex series). The rest are still downloading.

Code and numbers: ICT/ict_2022_model.py, ICT/ict_2022_study.py, ICT/results/ict_2022_study.json in the BACKTESTTRADING repo.